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Liquid Metal Embrittlement

LME Crack

Bell, R. N., Understanding and Preventing Failure of Aluminum Equipment in the Presence of Liquid Mercury, Proceedings - American Institute of Chemical Engineers Spring Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, 2005.

Coade, R., Coldham, D., The interaction of mercury and aluminium in heat exchangers in a natural gas plants, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 83, 336, 2006.

English, J., Kobrin, G., “Liquid Mercury Embrittlement of Aluminum”, Mater. Perform., 28, (2), 62-63, Feb. 1989.

Joseph, B., Picat, M., Barbiera, F., Liquid metal embrittlement: A state-of-the-art appraisal, Eur. Phys. J. AP, 5, 19, 1999.

Kapp J.A., Duquette, D., Kamdar, M.H., Crack growth behavior of aluminum alloys tested in liquid mercury, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 108, 37, 1996.

Liu, H.W., Fang, L., Effects of surface diffusion and resolved shear stress intensity factor on environmentally assisted cracking, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 25, 31, 1996.

Lund, D. L., “Causes and Remedies for Mercury Exposure to Aluminum Coldboxes”, 75th GPA Convention, Denver, CO, March 1996

Lynch S.P., Metal-induced embrittlement of materials. Materials Characterization, 28, 279 1992.

McIntyre, D., English, J., and Kobrin, G., “Mercury Attack of Ethylene Plant Alloys”, Paper 106, Corrosion 89, NACE (1989).

Nelson, D.R., Mercury Attack of Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers in Cryogenic Gas Service, Proceedings 73rd Annual GPA Convention, Gas Processors Association, 1994.

Phannensteil, L. L., “Mercury in Natural Gas”, American Gas Association, Gas Transmission Conference, May 1975.

Turissini, R. L., Bruno, T. V., Dahlberg, E. P., Setterlund, R. B., “Mercury liquid metal embrittlement causes aluminum plate heat exchanger failure”, Materials Performance, 37, (6), 59-60, June (1998).

Wilhelm, S. M., 1994, Methods to Combat Liquid Metal Embrittlement in Cryogenic Aluminum Heat Exchangers, Proceedings 73rd GPA Convention, New Orleans, LA.

Wilhelm, S. M., “Risk Analysis for Operation of Aluminum Heat Exchangers Contaminated by Mercury”, Proceedings of AICHE Spring Meeting, Global Congress on Process Safety, New Orleans, April 2008.


Solubility of Metals in Mercury

 

 
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